What is Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture

A zygomatic complex fracture is a fracture that involves the zygoma and its surrounding bones. The typical lines of a zygomatic complex fracture are: A fracture emanating from the inferior orbital fissure superiorly along the sphenozygomatic suture to the frontozygomatic suture

How do you treat a zygomatic complex fracture?

Most zygomatic complex fractures can be treated solely by an intraoral approach and rigid fixation at the zygomaticomaxillary buttress. Further exposure of the zygomaticofrontal junction or inferior orbital rim is necessary for severely displaced fractures, which require additional fixation.

Does tripod fracture need surgery?

Fractures with displacement require surgery consisting of fracture reduction with miniplates, microplates and screws. Gillie’s approach is used for depressed zygomatic fractures. The prognosis of tripod fractures is generally good.

Where is Zygomaticomaxillary located?

Relevant Anatomy The malar eminence is the most prominent portion of the zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and is located approximately 2 cm inferior to the lateral canthus.

What is a complex fracture?

•Traumatic injury involving multiple breaks in a bone and damaged soft tissue. •Symptoms include extreme pain, numbness, sometimes visibly protruding bone. •Treatment involves stabilization, pain relief, and surgical procedures.

How is zygomatic fracture diagnosed?

Zygomatic arch fractures can be clinically difficult to diagnose as the only signs may be a dimple palpable on the arch, which may or may not be tender, and or a decreased range of mouth opening. The patient’s range of mouth opening should be greater than 30 mms.

How do you fix a Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture?

What nerves are frequently involved in ZMC fractures?

Paresthesia of the face is a common sequela of a ZMC fracture given its proximity to sensory nerves such as the infraorbital nerve, the zygomaticofacial nerve, and the zygomaticotemporal nerve (all branches of cranial nerve V2).

How long does it take for facial fracture to heal?

They will heal themselves over 3-6 weeks. want to bring the broken bones back into a normal alignment (called ‘reducing’ the fracture) and keep it/them in this place (called ‘fixing the fracture’), preventing further injury. Sometimes they will need to operate to do this.

What causes a zygomatic fracture?

Zygoma fractures usually result from high-impact trauma. Leading causes of fractures include assault, motor vehicle or motorcycle accidents, sports injuries, and falls.

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Where is a tripod fracture located?

They are the second most common facial bone fracture after nasal bone injuries. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma.

How long does it take for a cheekbone fracture to heal?

Even if a fracture is held in place with plates and screws it still takes approximately six weeks for your cheekbone to heal completely. During this recovery period, you will need to be careful to avoid an injury to this area of your face, as it may cause the cheekbone to move out of position.

What bones are involved in a tripod fracture?

zygomatic arch.
inferior orbital rim, and anterior and posterior maxillary sinus walls.
lateral orbital rim.

What is worse a fracture or a break?

There’s no difference between a fracture and a break. A fracture is any loss of continuity of the bone. Anytime the bone loses integrity—whether it’s a hairline crack barely recognizable on an X-ray or the shattering of bone into a dozen pieces—it’s considered a fracture.

What are the 4 types of fractures?

Although there are many types of bone fractures, there are four main categories a fracture usually falls under: displaced, non-displaced, open and closed.

What's the difference between a fracture and a compound fracture?

A simple fracture is one that causes the bone to crack, but it does not pierce the skin. The smallest of these fractures are often called hairline fractures. A compound fracture, on the other hand, completely breaks the bone.

When should a ZMC fracture be repaired?

The most common indication for surgery in ZMC fractures is displacement and rotation, and most displaced ZMC fractures should be treated surgically. If reduction is not performed properly, facial asymmetry will be prominent, as the result of lowering the malar prominent point [2].

What is Enophthalmus?

Enophthalmos is posterior displacement of the eye. The anterior projection of the eye is most commonly measured relative to the outer edge of the orbit, the orbital rim, but may also be assessed relative to the frontal and maxillary prominences, or the contralateral eye.

What happens if you break your zygomatic bone?

Fractures of the ZMC or zygomatic arch can often lead to unsightly malar depression, which should be corrected to restore a normal facial contour. ZMC fractures can also cause significant functional issues, including trismus, enophthalmos and/or diplopia, and paresthesias of the infraorbital nerve.

Where is the zygomatic bone located?

zygomatic bone, also called cheekbone, or malar bone, diamond-shaped bone below and lateral to the orbit, or eye socket, at the widest part of the cheek. It adjoins the frontal bone at the outer edge of the orbit and the sphenoid and maxilla within the orbit.

What is the purpose of the zygomatic bone?

The zygomatic bone functions as a structure which joins the bones of the face while protecting the arteries, nerves, veins, and organs which lie below the surface. The arches of the zygomatic bone provide a person’s cheeks with the structure to fill out the face.

What are the symptoms of a broken cheekbone?

Pain, tenderness, and swelling.
A flat appearance to the face.
Vision problems.
Blood in the side of the eye (on the affected side)
Jaw pain, specifically when jaw is moved.
Numbness under the eye of the injured side.

How serious is a facial fracture?

Is a facial fracture a serious problem? If you suffer from a facial injury, you should seek immediate medical attention. Some fractures are minor. However, complex fractures may cause irreversible damage and can even be life-threatening.

What is maxillofacial trauma?

Maxillofacial trauma is any injury to the face or jaws. Facial trauma may present with skin lacerations, burns, obstruction to the nasal cavity or sinuses, damage to the orbital (eye) sockets, fracture to the jawbone, and missing or broken teeth.

What is the most common type of facial fracture EMT?

For example, motor vehicle collisions, physical altercations and falls lead to about 85% of nasal fractures,3 which are the most common type of facial fracture. Fractures to the zygomatic bone are second most common and, predictably, like other facial fractures most often occur to men in their 20s.

Can facial nerve damage repair itself?

Minor and superficial nerve injuries will often heal themselves. Examination, neurophysiology and clinical imaging will determine whether the injured nerve needs repair, and if so, the options for surgical reconstruction.

How easy is it to break zygomatic bone?

The zygomatic bone is quite sturdy as it serves as a buttress between the skull and the maxilla. However, its prominence makes it particularly vulnerable to injury, especially when impact occurs on either side of the face. The most common cause of zygomatic fractures is violent altercation.

What is zygomatic buttress?

the structural pillar of the mid-face that extends superiorly from the maxillary ridge through the zygomatic bone to the frontal and temporal bones.

How long does it take for a zygomatic bone to heal?

Even if the position of the fractured bone has been held with plates and screws it still takes about six weeks for your cheekbone to heal completely. During this time you need to be careful to avoid an injury to this side of your face, since it may well push the cheekbone back out of position again.

What is the maximum time that a facial wound closure can be extended?

It appears that wounds of the face and scalp can be primarily closed whenever they are seen, as long as infection is not already present. There are significant data that primary closure of other wounds can be safely done up to a maximum of 19 hours after the wound.